note description: "The Fibonacci number sequence" library: "Free implementation of ELKS library" status: "See notice at end of class." legal: "See notice at end of class." names: fibonacci date: "$Date: 2018-12-15 18:06:16 +0000 (Sat, 15 Dec 2018) $" revision: "$Revision: 102608 $" class FIBONACCI create default_create feature {NONE} -- Initialization default_create -- Process instances of classes with no creation clause. -- (Default: do nothing.) -- (from ANY) do end feature -- Access all_lower_fibonacci (n: INTEGER_32): ARRAY [BOOLEAN] -- Array of n boolean values, where the -- value at index i is true if and only if -- i is a Fibonacci number. local i, j: INTEGER_32 do from create Result.make_filled (False, 1, n) j := 1 i := i_th (j) until i > n loop Result.put (True, i) j := j + 1 i := i_th (j) end ensure instance_free: class end First: INTEGER_32 = 1 generating_type: TYPE [detachable FIBONACCI] -- Type of current object -- (type of which it is a direct instance) -- (from ANY) external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY generating_type_not_void: Result /= Void end generator: STRING_8 -- Name of current object's generating class -- (base class of the type of which it is a direct instance) -- (from ANY) external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY generator_not_void: Result /= Void generator_not_empty: not Result.is_empty end higher_fibonacci (n: INTEGER_32): INTEGER_32 -- Lowest Fibonacci number greater than or equal to n do if n <= First then Result := First else from Result := n until is_fibonacci (Result) loop Result := Result + 1 end end ensure instance_free: class end i_th (i: INTEGER_32): INTEGER_32 -- The i-th Fibonacci number require -- from COUNTABLE positive_argument: i > 0 local count: INTEGER_32 last, second_last: INTEGER_32 do if i = 1 then Result := First elseif i = 2 then Result := Second else from last := Second second_last := First count := 2 until count = i loop Result := last + second_last second_last := last last := Result count := count + 1 end end ensure then instance_free: class end index: INTEGER_32 -- Index of current position -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) index_of (v: like item; i: INTEGER_32): INTEGER_32 -- Index of i-th occurrence of v. -- 0 if none. -- (Reference or object equality, -- based on object_comparison.) -- (from LINEAR) require -- from LINEAR positive_occurrences: i > 0 local occur, pos: INTEGER_32 do if object_comparison and v /= Void then from start pos := 1 until exhausted or (occur = i) loop if item ~ v then occur := occur + 1 end forth pos := pos + 1 end else from start pos := 1 until exhausted or (occur = i) loop if item = v then occur := occur + 1 end forth pos := pos + 1 end end if occur = i then Result := pos - 1 end ensure -- from LINEAR non_negative_result: Result >= 0 end is_fibonacci (n: INTEGER_32): BOOLEAN -- Is n a Fibonacci number? require -- from CONTAINER True local to_test, count: INTEGER_32 do if n <= First then Result := False elseif n = First then Result := True else from count := First to_test := i_th (count) until to_test >= n loop count := count + 1 to_test := i_th (count) end Result := to_test = n end ensure -- from CONTAINER not_found_in_empty: Result implies not Is_empty ensure then instance_free: class end item: INTEGER_32 -- Item at current position -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) require -- from ACTIVE readable: Readable require -- from TRAVERSABLE not_off: not off require -- from ITERATION_CURSOR valid_position: not After do Result := i_th (index) end item_for_iteration: INTEGER_32 -- Item at current position -- (from LINEAR) require -- from LINEAR not_off: not off do Result := item end lower_fibonacci (n: INTEGER_32): INTEGER_32 -- Greatest Fibonacci number lower than or equal to n require argument_big_enough: n >= Second do if n = Second then Result := Second else from Result := n - 1 until is_fibonacci (Result) loop Result := Result - 1 end end ensure instance_free: class end occurrences (v: like item): INTEGER_32 -- Number of times v appears. -- (Reference or object equality, -- based on object_comparison.) -- (from LINEAR) require -- from BAG True do from start search (v) until exhausted loop Result := Result + 1 forth search (v) end ensure -- from BAG non_negative_occurrences: Result >= 0 end search (v: like item) -- Move to first position (at or after current -- position) where item and v are equal. -- (Reference or object equality, -- based on object_comparison.) -- If no such position ensure that exhausted will be true. -- (from LINEAR) do if object_comparison then from until exhausted or else v ~ item loop forth end else from until exhausted or else v = item loop forth end end ensure -- from LINEAR object_found: (not exhausted and object_comparison) implies v ~ item item_found: (not exhausted and not object_comparison) implies v = item end Second: INTEGER_32 = 1 feature {NONE} -- Measurement estimated_count_of (other: ITERABLE [INTEGER_32]): INTEGER_32 -- Estimated number of elements in other. -- (from CONTAINER) do if attached {FINITE [INTEGER_32]} other as f then Result := f.count elseif attached {READABLE_INDEXABLE [INTEGER_32]} other as r then Result := r.upper - r.lower + 1 end ensure -- from CONTAINER instance_free: class non_negative_result: Result >= 0 end feature -- Comparison frozen deep_equal (a: detachable ANY; b: like arg #1): BOOLEAN -- Are a and b either both void -- or attached to isomorphic object structures? -- (from ANY) do if a = Void then Result := b = Void else Result := b /= Void and then a.is_deep_equal (b) end ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class shallow_implies_deep: standard_equal (a, b) implies Result both_or_none_void: (a = Void) implies (Result = (b = Void)) same_type: (Result and (a /= Void)) implies (b /= Void and then a.same_type (b)) symmetric: Result implies deep_equal (b, a) end frozen equal (a: detachable ANY; b: like arg #1): BOOLEAN -- Are a and b either both void or attached -- to objects considered equal? -- (from ANY) do if a = Void then Result := b = Void else Result := b /= Void and then a.is_equal (b) end ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class definition: Result = (a = Void and b = Void) or else ((a /= Void and b /= Void) and then a.is_equal (b)) end frozen is_deep_equal alias "≡≡≡" (other: FIBONACCI): BOOLEAN -- Are Current and other attached to isomorphic object structures? -- (from ANY) require -- from ANY other_not_void: other /= Void external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY shallow_implies_deep: standard_is_equal (other) implies Result same_type: Result implies same_type (other) symmetric: Result implies other.is_deep_equal (Current) end is_equal (other: FIBONACCI): BOOLEAN -- Is other attached to an object considered -- equal to current object? -- (from ANY) require -- from ANY other_not_void: other /= Void external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY symmetric: Result implies other ~ Current consistent: standard_is_equal (other) implies Result end frozen standard_equal (a: detachable ANY; b: like arg #1): BOOLEAN -- Are a and b either both void or attached to -- field-by-field identical objects of the same type? -- Always uses default object comparison criterion. -- (from ANY) do if a = Void then Result := b = Void else Result := b /= Void and then a.standard_is_equal (b) end ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class definition: Result = (a = Void and b = Void) or else ((a /= Void and b /= Void) and then a.standard_is_equal (b)) end frozen standard_is_equal alias "≜" (other: FIBONACCI): BOOLEAN -- Is other attached to an object of the same type -- as current object, and field-by-field identical to it? -- (from ANY) require -- from ANY other_not_void: other /= Void external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY same_type: Result implies same_type (other) symmetric: Result implies other.standard_is_equal (Current) end feature -- Status report After: BOOLEAN = False -- Is current position past last item? (Answer: no.) -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) changeable_comparison_criterion: BOOLEAN -- May object_comparison be changed? -- (Answer: yes by default.) -- (from CONTAINER) do Result := True end conforms_to (other: ANY): BOOLEAN -- Does type of current object conform to type -- of other (as per Eiffel: The Language, chapter 13)? -- (from ANY) require -- from ANY other_not_void: other /= Void external "built_in" end empty: BOOLEAN obsolete "ELKS 2000: Use `is_empty' instead. [2017-05-31]" -- Is there no element? -- (from CONTAINER) do Result := Is_empty end exhausted: BOOLEAN -- Has structure been completely explored? -- (from LINEAR) do Result := off ensure -- from LINEAR exhausted_when_off: off implies Result end Extendible: BOOLEAN = False -- May items be added? (Answer: no.) -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) Full: BOOLEAN = True -- The structure is complete -- (from INFINITE) Is_empty: BOOLEAN = False -- Is structure empty? (Answer: no.) -- (from INFINITE) is_inserted (v: INTEGER_32): BOOLEAN -- Has v been inserted by the most recent insertion? -- (By default, the value returned is equivalent to calling -- has (v). However, descendants might be able to provide more -- efficient implementations.) -- (from COLLECTION) do Result := is_fibonacci (v) end object_comparison: BOOLEAN -- Must search operations use equal rather than = -- for comparing references? (Default: no, use =.) -- (from CONTAINER) off: BOOLEAN -- Is there no current item? -- (from LINEAR) do Result := Is_empty or After end Prunable: BOOLEAN = False -- May items be removed? (Answer: no.) -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) Readable: BOOLEAN = True -- Is there a current item that may be read? -- (Answer: yes.) -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) Replaceable: BOOLEAN = False -- Can current item be replaced? -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) same_type (other: ANY): BOOLEAN -- Is type of current object identical to type of other? -- (from ANY) require -- from ANY other_not_void: other /= Void external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY definition: Result = (conforms_to (other) and other.conforms_to (Current)) end Writable: BOOLEAN = False -- Is there a current item that may be written? -- (Answer: no.) -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) feature -- Status setting compare_objects -- Ensure that future search operations will use equal -- rather than = for comparing references. -- (from CONTAINER) require -- from CONTAINER changeable_comparison_criterion: changeable_comparison_criterion do object_comparison := True ensure -- from CONTAINER object_comparison end compare_references -- Ensure that future search operations will use = -- rather than equal for comparing references. -- (from CONTAINER) require -- from CONTAINER changeable_comparison_criterion: changeable_comparison_criterion do object_comparison := False ensure -- from CONTAINER reference_comparison: not object_comparison end feature -- Cursor movement forth -- Move to next position. -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) require -- from LINEAR not_after: not After require -- from ITERATION_CURSOR valid_position: not After do index := index + 1 end start -- Move to first position. -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) do index := 1 end feature -- Element change fill (other: CONTAINER [INTEGER_32]) -- Fill with as many items of other as possible. -- The representations of other and current structure -- need not be the same. -- (from COLLECTION) require -- from COLLECTION other_not_void: other /= Void extendible: Extendible local lin_rep: LINEAR [INTEGER_32] do lin_rep := other.linear_representation from lin_rep.start until not Extendible or else lin_rep.off loop extend (lin_rep.item); lin_rep.forth end end feature -- Removal prune_all (v: INTEGER_32) -- Remove all occurrences of v. -- (Reference or object equality, -- based on object_comparison.) -- (from COLLECTION) require -- from COLLECTION prunable: Prunable do from until not is_fibonacci (v) loop prune (v) end ensure -- from COLLECTION no_more_occurrences: not is_fibonacci (v) end feature -- Duplication frozen clone (other: detachable ANY): like other obsolete "Use `twin' instead. [2017-05-31]" -- Void if other is void; otherwise new object -- equal to other -- -- For non-void other, clone calls copy; -- to change copying/cloning semantics, redefine copy. -- (from ANY) do if other /= Void then Result := other.twin end ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class equal: Result ~ other end copy (other: FIBONACCI) -- Update current object using fields of object attached -- to other, so as to yield equal objects. -- (from ANY) require -- from ANY other_not_void: other /= Void type_identity: same_type (other) external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY is_equal: Current ~ other end frozen deep_clone (other: detachable ANY): like other obsolete "Use `deep_twin' instead. [2017-05-31]" -- Void if other is void: otherwise, new object structure -- recursively duplicated from the one attached to other -- (from ANY) do if other /= Void then Result := other.deep_twin end ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class deep_equal: deep_equal (other, Result) end frozen deep_copy (other: FIBONACCI) -- Effect equivalent to that of: -- copy (other . deep_twin) -- (from ANY) require -- from ANY other_not_void: other /= Void do copy (other.deep_twin) ensure -- from ANY deep_equal: deep_equal (Current, other) end frozen deep_twin: FIBONACCI -- New object structure recursively duplicated from Current. -- (from ANY) external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY deep_twin_not_void: Result /= Void deep_equal: deep_equal (Current, Result) end frozen standard_clone (other: detachable ANY): like other obsolete "Use `standard_twin' instead. [2017-05-31]" -- Void if other is void; otherwise new object -- field-by-field identical to other. -- Always uses default copying semantics. -- (from ANY) do if other /= Void then Result := other.standard_twin end ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class equal: standard_equal (Result, other) end frozen standard_copy (other: FIBONACCI) -- Copy every field of other onto corresponding field -- of current object. -- (from ANY) require -- from ANY other_not_void: other /= Void type_identity: same_type (other) external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY is_standard_equal: standard_is_equal (other) end frozen standard_twin: FIBONACCI -- New object field-by-field identical to other. -- Always uses default copying semantics. -- (from ANY) external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY standard_twin_not_void: Result /= Void equal: standard_equal (Result, Current) end frozen twin: FIBONACCI -- New object equal to Current -- twin calls copy; to change copying/twinning semantics, redefine copy. -- (from ANY) external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY twin_not_void: Result /= Void is_equal: Result ~ Current end feature -- Basic operations frozen as_attached: attached FIBONACCI obsolete "Remove calls to this feature. [2017-05-31]" -- Attached version of Current. -- (Can be used during transitional period to convert -- non-void-safe classes to void-safe ones.) -- (from ANY) do Result := Current end frozen default: detachable FIBONACCI -- Default value of object's type -- (from ANY) do end frozen default_pointer: POINTER -- Default value of type POINTER -- (Avoid the need to write p.default for -- some p of type POINTER.) -- (from ANY) do ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class end default_rescue -- Process exception for routines with no Rescue clause. -- (Default: do nothing.) -- (from ANY) do end frozen do_nothing -- Execute a null action. -- (from ANY) do ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class end feature -- Inapplicable extend (v: INTEGER_32) -- Add v at end. -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) require -- from COLLECTION extendible: Extendible do ensure -- from COLLECTION item_inserted: is_inserted (v) end finish -- Move to last position. -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) require -- from LINEAR True do ensure then -- from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE failure: False end linear_representation: LINEAR [INTEGER_32] -- Representation as a linear structure -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) require -- from CONTAINER True do create {LINKED_LIST [INTEGER_32]} Result.make end prune (v: INTEGER_32) -- Remove first occurrence of v, if any. -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) require -- from COLLECTION prunable: Prunable do end put (v: INTEGER_32) -- Add v to the right of current position. -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) require -- from COLLECTION extendible: Extendible do ensure -- from COLLECTION item_inserted: is_inserted (v) end remove -- Remove item to the right of current position. -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) require -- from ACTIVE prunable: Prunable writable: Writable do end replace (v: INTEGER_32) -- Replace by v item at current position. -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) require -- from ACTIVE writable: Writable replaceable: Replaceable do ensure -- from ACTIVE item_replaced: item = v end wipe_out -- Remove all items. -- (from COUNTABLE_SEQUENCE) require -- from COLLECTION prunable: Prunable do ensure -- from COLLECTION wiped_out: Is_empty end feature -- Iteration do_all (action: PROCEDURE [INTEGER_32]) -- Apply action to every item. -- Semantics not guaranteed if action changes the structure; -- in such a case, apply iterator to clone of structure instead. -- (from LINEAR) require -- from TRAVERSABLE action_exists: action /= Void local c: detachable CURSOR cs: detachable CURSOR_STRUCTURE [INTEGER_32] do if attached {CURSOR_STRUCTURE [INTEGER_32]} Current as acs then cs := acs c := acs.cursor end from start until After loop action.call ([item]) forth end if cs /= Void and c /= Void then cs.go_to (c) end end do_if (action: PROCEDURE [INTEGER_32]; test: FUNCTION [INTEGER_32, BOOLEAN]) -- Apply action to every item that satisfies test. -- Semantics not guaranteed if action or test changes the structure; -- in such a case, apply iterator to clone of structure instead. -- (from LINEAR) require -- from TRAVERSABLE action_exists: action /= Void test_exists: test /= Void local c: detachable CURSOR cs: detachable CURSOR_STRUCTURE [INTEGER_32] do if attached {CURSOR_STRUCTURE [INTEGER_32]} Current as acs then cs := acs c := acs.cursor end from start until After loop if test.item ([item]) then action.call ([item]) end forth end if cs /= Void and c /= Void then cs.go_to (c) end end for_all (test: FUNCTION [INTEGER_32, BOOLEAN]): BOOLEAN -- Is test true for all items? -- Semantics not guaranteed if test changes the structure; -- in such a case, apply iterator to clone of structure instead. -- (from LINEAR) require -- from TRAVERSABLE test_exists: test /= Void local c: detachable CURSOR cs: detachable CURSOR_STRUCTURE [INTEGER_32] do if attached {CURSOR_STRUCTURE [INTEGER_32]} Current as acs then cs := acs c := acs.cursor end from start Result := True until After or not Result loop Result := test.item ([item]) forth end if cs /= Void and c /= Void then cs.go_to (c) end ensure then -- from LINEAR empty: Is_empty implies Result end new_cursor: FIBONACCI -- Fresh cursor associated with current structure require -- from ITERABLE True do create Result; Result.start ensure -- from ITERABLE result_attached: Result /= Void ensure then instance_free: class end there_exists (test: FUNCTION [INTEGER_32, BOOLEAN]): BOOLEAN -- Is test true for at least one item? -- Semantics not guaranteed if test changes the structure; -- in such a case, apply iterator to clone of structure instead. -- (from LINEAR) require -- from TRAVERSABLE test_exists: test /= Void local c: detachable CURSOR cs: detachable CURSOR_STRUCTURE [INTEGER_32] do if attached {CURSOR_STRUCTURE [INTEGER_32]} Current as acs then cs := acs c := acs.cursor end from start until After or Result loop Result := test.item ([item]) forth end if cs /= Void and c /= Void then cs.go_to (c) end end feature -- Output Io: STD_FILES -- Handle to standard file setup -- (from ANY) once create Result; Result.set_output_default ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class io_not_void: Result /= Void end out: STRING_8 -- New string containing terse printable representation -- of current object -- (from ANY) do Result := tagged_out ensure -- from ANY out_not_void: Result /= Void end print (o: detachable ANY) -- Write terse external representation of o -- on standard output. -- (from ANY) local s: READABLE_STRING_8 do if attached o then s := o.out if attached {READABLE_STRING_32} s as s32 then Io.put_string_32 (s32) elseif attached {READABLE_STRING_8} s as s8 then Io.put_string (s8) else Io.put_string_32 (s.as_string_32) end end ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class end frozen tagged_out: STRING_8 -- New string containing terse printable representation -- of current object -- (from ANY) external "built_in" ensure -- from ANY tagged_out_not_void: Result /= Void end feature -- Platform Operating_environment: OPERATING_ENVIRONMENT -- Objects available from the operating system -- (from ANY) once create Result ensure -- from ANY instance_free: class operating_environment_not_void: Result /= Void end feature {NONE} -- Retrieval frozen internal_correct_mismatch -- Called from runtime to perform a proper dynamic dispatch on correct_mismatch -- from MISMATCH_CORRECTOR. -- (from ANY) local l_msg: STRING_32 l_exc: EXCEPTIONS do if attached {MISMATCH_CORRECTOR} Current as l_corrector then l_corrector.correct_mismatch else create l_msg.make_from_string ("Mismatch: ".as_string_32) create l_exc; l_msg.append (generating_type.name_32); l_exc.raise_retrieval_exception (l_msg) end end invariant -- from INFINITE never_empty: not Is_empty always_full: Full -- from ANY reflexive_equality: standard_is_equal (Current) reflexive_conformance: conforms_to (Current) -- from ACTIVE writable_constraint: Writable implies Readable empty_constraint: Is_empty implies (not Readable) and (not Writable) -- from LINEAR after_constraint: After implies off -- from TRAVERSABLE empty_constraint: Is_empty implies off note copyright: "Copyright (c) 1984-2018, Eiffel Software and others" license: "Eiffel Forum License v2 (see http://www.eiffel.com/licensing/forum.txt)" source: "[ Eiffel Software 5949 Hollister Ave., Goleta, CA 93117 USA Telephone 805-685-1006, Fax 805-685-6869 Website http://www.eiffel.com Customer support http://support.eiffel.com ]" end -- class FIBONACCI
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