note
	description: "[
		Special objects: homogeneous sequences of values,
		used to represent arrays and strings
	]"
	library: "Free implementation of ELKS library"
	status: "See notice at end of class."
	legal: "See notice at end of class."
	date: "$Date: 2017-04-15 12:05:54 +0000 (Sat, 15 Apr 2017) $"
	revision: "$Revision: 100207 $"

frozen class 
	SPECIAL [T]

create 
	make_empty,
	make_filled,
	make_from_native_array

feature {NONE} -- Initialization

	default_create
			-- Process instances of classes with no creation clause.
			-- (Default: do nothing.)
			-- (from ANY)
		do
		end

	make_empty (n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Create a special object for n entries.
		require
			non_negative_argument: n >= 0
		do
		ensure
			capacity_set: capacity = n
			count_set: count = 0
		end

	make_filled (v: T; n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Create a special object for n entries initialized with v.
		require
			non_negative_argument: n >= 0
		do
			make_empty (n)
			fill_with (v, 0, n - 1)
		ensure
			capacity_set: capacity = n
			count_set: count = n
			filled: filled_with (v, 0, n - 1)
		end

	make_from_native_array (an_array: like native_array)
			-- Create a special object from an_array.
		require
			is_dotnet: {PLATFORM}.is_dotnet
			an_array_not_void: an_array /= Void
		do
		end
	
feature -- Access

	at alias "@" (i: INTEGER_32): T
			-- Item at i-th position.
			-- (indices begin at 0)
		require
			valid_index: valid_index (i)
		do
			Result := item (i)
		end

	base_address: POINTER
			-- Address of element at position 0.
			-- Use only when interfacing with C externals when Current is guaranteed to not move in memory.
		require
			not_dotnet: not {PLATFORM}.is_dotnet
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure
			base_address_not_null: Result /= default_pointer
		end

	generating_type: TYPE [detachable SPECIAL [T]]
			-- Type of current object
			-- (type of which it is a direct instance)
			-- (from ANY)
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			generating_type_not_void: Result /= Void
		end

	generator: STRING_8
			-- Name of current object's generating class
			-- (base class of the type of which it is a direct instance)
			-- (from ANY)
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			generator_not_void: Result /= Void
			generator_not_empty: not Result.is_empty
		end

	index_of (v: T; start_position: INTEGER_32): INTEGER_32
			-- Index of first occurrence of item identical to v.
			-- -1 if none.
			-- (Use object equality for comparison.)
		require
			valid_start_position: start_position >= 0
		local
			nb: INTEGER_32
		do
			from
				Result := start_position
				nb := count
			until
				Result >= nb or else item (Result) ~ v
			loop
				Result := Result + 1
			end
			if Result >= nb then
				Result := -1
			end
		ensure
			found_or_not_found: Result = -1 or else (Result >= 0 and then Result < count)
		end

	item alias "[]" (i: INTEGER_32): T assign put
			-- Item at i-th position.
			-- (indices begin at 0)
		require -- from READABLE_INDEXABLE
			valid_index: valid_index (i)
		local
			r: detachable T
		do
			check
					attached r
			then
				Result := r
			end
		end

	item_address (i: INTEGER_32): POINTER
			-- Address of element at position i.
			-- Use only when interfacing with C externals when Current is guaranteed to not move in memory.
		require
			not_dotnet: not {PLATFORM}.is_dotnet
			index_large_enough: i >= 0
			index_small_enough: i < count
		do
			Result := base_address + i * element_size
		ensure
			element_address_not_null: Result /= default_pointer
		end

	native_array: NATIVE_ARRAY [T]
			-- Only for compatibility with .NET.
		require
			is_dotnet: {PLATFORM}.is_dotnet
		do
			create Result
		end

	new_cursor: SPECIAL_ITERATION_CURSOR [T]
			-- Fresh cursor associated with current structure
		require -- from  ITERABLE
			True
		do
			create Result.make (Current)
		ensure -- from ITERABLE
			result_attached: Result /= Void
		end

	to_array: ARRAY [T]
			-- Build an array representation of Current from 1 to count.
		do
			create Result.make_from_special (Current)
		ensure
			to_array_attached: Result /= Void
			to_array_lower_set: Result.lower = 1
			to_array_upper_set: Result.upper = count
		end
	
feature -- Measurement

	capacity: INTEGER_32
			-- Capacity of special area.
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ABSTRACT_SPECIAL
			count_non_negative: Result >= 0
		end

	count: INTEGER_32
			-- Count of special area.
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ABSTRACT_SPECIAL
			count_non_negative: Result >= 0
		end

	index_set: INTEGER_INTERVAL
		obsolete "Use `lower' and `upper' instead. [2017-05-31]"
			-- Range of acceptable indexes.
			-- (from READABLE_INDEXABLE)
		do
			create Result.make (Lower, upper)
		ensure -- from READABLE_INDEXABLE
			not_void: Result /= Void
			empty_if_not_in_order: (Lower > upper) implies Result.is_empty
			same_lower_if_not_empty: (Lower <= upper) implies Result.lower = Lower
			same_upper_if_not_empty: (Lower <= upper) implies Result.upper = upper
		end

	Lower: INTEGER_32 = 0
			-- Minimum index of Current.

	upper: INTEGER_32
			-- Maximum index of Current.
		do
			Result := count - 1
		end
	
feature -- Comparison

	frozen deep_equal (a: detachable ANY; b: like arg #1): BOOLEAN
			-- Are a and b either both void
			-- or attached to isomorphic object structures?
			-- (from ANY)
		do
			if a = Void then
				Result := b = Void
			else
				Result := b /= Void and then a.is_deep_equal (b)
			end
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
			shallow_implies_deep: standard_equal (a, b) implies Result
			both_or_none_void: (a = Void) implies (Result = (b = Void))
			same_type: (Result and (a /= Void)) implies (b /= Void and then a.same_type (b))
			symmetric: Result implies deep_equal (b, a)
		end

	frozen equal (a: detachable ANY; b: like arg #1): BOOLEAN
			-- Are a and b either both void or attached
			-- to objects considered equal?
			-- (from ANY)
		do
			if a = Void then
				Result := b = Void
			else
				Result := b /= Void and then a.is_equal (b)
			end
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
			definition: Result = (a = Void and b = Void) or else ((a /= Void and b /= Void) and then a.is_equal (b))
		end

	frozen is_deep_equal alias "≡≡≡" (other: SPECIAL [T]): BOOLEAN
			-- Are Current and other attached to isomorphic object structures?
			-- (from ANY)
		require -- from ANY
			other_not_void: other /= Void
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			shallow_implies_deep: standard_is_equal (other) implies Result
			same_type: Result implies same_type (other)
			symmetric: Result implies other.is_deep_equal (Current)
		end

	is_equal (other: SPECIAL [T]): BOOLEAN
			-- Is other attached to an object considered
			-- equal to current object?
			-- (from ANY)
		require -- from ANY
			other_not_void: other /= Void
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			symmetric: Result implies other ~ Current
			consistent: standard_is_equal (other) implies Result
		end

	frozen standard_equal (a: detachable ANY; b: like arg #1): BOOLEAN
			-- Are a and b either both void or attached to
			-- field-by-field identical objects of the same type?
			-- Always uses default object comparison criterion.
			-- (from ANY)
		do
			if a = Void then
				Result := b = Void
			else
				Result := b /= Void and then a.standard_is_equal (b)
			end
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
			definition: Result = (a = Void and b = Void) or else ((a /= Void and b /= Void) and then a.standard_is_equal (b))
		end

	frozen standard_is_equal alias "≜" (other: SPECIAL [T]): BOOLEAN
			-- Is other attached to an object of the same type
			-- as current object, and field-by-field identical to it?
			-- (from ANY)
		require -- from ANY
			other_not_void: other /= Void
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			same_type: Result implies same_type (other)
			symmetric: Result implies other.standard_is_equal (Current)
		end
	
feature -- Status report

	conforms_to (other: ANY): BOOLEAN
			-- Does type of current object conform to type
			-- of other (as per Eiffel: The Language, chapter 13)?
			-- (from ANY)
		require -- from ANY
			other_not_void: other /= Void
		external
			"built_in"
		end

	filled_with (v: T; start_index, end_index: INTEGER_32): BOOLEAN
			-- Are all items between index start_index and end_index
			-- set to v?
			-- (Use reference equality for comparison.)			
		require
			start_index_non_negative: start_index >= 0
			start_index_not_too_big: start_index <= end_index + 1
			end_index_valid: end_index < count
		local
			i: INTEGER_32
		do
			from
				Result := True
				i := start_index
			until
				i > end_index or else not Result
			loop
				Result := item (i) = v
				i := i + 1
			end
		end

	same_items (other: like Current; source_index, destination_index, n: INTEGER_32): BOOLEAN
			-- Are the n elements of other from source_index position the same as
			-- the n elements of Current from destination_index?
			-- (Use reference equality for comparison.)
		require
			other_not_void: other /= Void
			source_index_non_negative: source_index >= 0
			destination_index_non_negative: destination_index >= 0
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
			n_is_small_enough_for_source: source_index + n <= other.count
			n_is_small_enough_for_destination: destination_index + n <= count
		local
			i, j, nb: INTEGER_32
		do
			Result := True
			if other /= Current then
				from
					i := source_index
					j := destination_index
					nb := source_index + n
				until
					i = nb
				loop
					if other.item (i) /= item (j) then
						Result := False
						i := nb - 1
					end
					i := i + 1
					j := j + 1
				end
			end
		ensure
			valid_on_empty_area: n = 0 implies Result
		end

	same_type (other: ANY): BOOLEAN
			-- Is type of current object identical to type of other?
			-- (from ANY)
		require -- from ANY
			other_not_void: other /= Void
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			definition: Result = (conforms_to (other) and other.conforms_to (Current))
		end

	valid_index (i: INTEGER_32): BOOLEAN
			-- Is i within the bounds of Current?
		require -- from  ABSTRACT_SPECIAL
			True
		require -- from  READABLE_INDEXABLE
			True
		do
			Result := 0 <= i and i < count
		ensure -- from READABLE_INDEXABLE
			only_if_in_index_set: Result implies (Lower <= i and i <= upper)
		end
	
feature -- Element change

	copy_data (other: SPECIAL [T]; source_index, destination_index, n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Copy n elements of other from source_index position to Current at
			-- destination_index. Other elements of Current remain unchanged.
		require
			other_not_void: other /= Void
			source_index_non_negative: source_index >= 0
			destination_index_non_negative: destination_index >= 0
			destination_index_in_bound: destination_index <= count
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
			n_is_small_enough_for_source: source_index + n <= other.count
			n_is_small_enough_for_destination: destination_index + n <= capacity
			same_type: other.conforms_to (Current)
		local
			i, j, nb: INTEGER_32
		do
			if other = Current then
				move_data (source_index, destination_index, n)
			else
				from
					i := source_index
					j := destination_index
					nb := source_index + n
				until
					i = nb
				loop
					force (other.item (i), j)
					i := i + 1
					j := j + 1
				end
			end
		ensure
			copied: same_items (other, source_index, destination_index, n)
			count_updated: count = (old count).max (destination_index + n)
		end

	extend (v: T)
			-- Add v at index count.
		require
			count_small_enough: count < capacity
		do
		ensure
			count_increased: count = old count + 1
			same_capacity: capacity = old capacity
			inserted: item (count - 1) = v
		end

	extend_filled (v: T)
			-- Set items between count and capacity - 1 with v.
		do
			fill_with (v, count, capacity - 1)
		ensure
			same_capacity: capacity = old capacity
			count_increased: count = capacity
			filled: filled_with (v, old count, capacity - 1)
		end

	fill_with (v: T; start_index, end_index: INTEGER_32)
			-- Set items between start_index and end_index with v.
		require
			start_index_non_negative: start_index >= 0
			start_index_in_bound: start_index <= count
			start_index_not_too_big: start_index <= end_index + 1
			end_index_valid: end_index < capacity
		local
			i, nb: INTEGER_32
			l_count: like count
		do
			from
				i := start_index
				l_count := count.min (end_index + 1)
				nb := l_count
			until
				i = nb
			loop
				put (v, i)
				i := i + 1
			end
			from
				i := l_count
				nb := end_index + 1
			until
				i = nb
			loop
				extend (v)
				i := i + 1
			end
		ensure
			same_capacity: capacity = old capacity
			count_definition: count = (old count).max (end_index + 1)
			filled: filled_with (v, start_index, end_index)
		end

	fill_with_default (start_index, end_index: INTEGER_32)
			-- Clear items between start_index and end_index.
		require
			is_self_initializing: ({T}).has_default
			start_index_non_negative: start_index >= 0
			start_index_not_too_big: start_index <= end_index + 1
			end_index_valid: end_index < count
		do
			fill_with (({T}).default, start_index, end_index)
		ensure
			filled: filled_with (({T}).default, start_index, end_index)
		end

	force (v: T; i: INTEGER_32)
			-- If i is equal to count increase count by one and insert v at index count,
			-- otherwise replace i-th item by v.
			-- (Indices begin at 0.)
		require
			index_large_enough: i >= 0
			index_small_enough: i <= count
			not_full: i = count implies count < capacity
		do
			if i < count then
				put (v, i)
			else
				extend (v)
			end
		ensure
			count_updated: count = (i + 1).max (old count)
			same_capacity: capacity = old capacity
			inserted: item (i) = v
		end

	insert_data (other: SPECIAL [T]; source_index, destination_index, n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Insert n elements of other from source_index position to Current at
			-- destination_index and shift elements between destination_index and count
			-- to the right. Other elements of Current remain unchanged.
		require
			other_not_void: other /= Void
			source_index_non_negative: source_index >= 0
			destination_index_non_negative: destination_index >= 0
			destination_index_in_bound: destination_index <= count
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
			n_is_small_enough_for_source: source_index + n <= other.count
			n_is_small_enough_for_destination: count + n <= capacity
			same_type: other.conforms_to (Current)
		local
			l_remaining_items, l_offset, l_nb_items_left: INTEGER_32
			l_source_index, l_end_index, l_destination_index: INTEGER_32
		do
			l_remaining_items := count - destination_index
			if l_remaining_items = 0 then
				copy_data (other, source_index, destination_index, n)
			elseif n <= l_remaining_items then
				move_data (destination_index, destination_index + n, l_remaining_items)
				copy_data (other, source_index, destination_index, n)
			else
				from
					l_source_index := source_index
					l_destination_index := destination_index
					l_end_index := source_index + n
					l_nb_items_left := n
					l_offset := l_remaining_items
				until
					l_source_index >= l_end_index
				loop
					move_data (l_destination_index, l_destination_index + l_offset, l_remaining_items)
					copy_data (other, l_source_index, l_destination_index, l_offset)
					l_destination_index := l_destination_index + l_offset
					l_source_index := l_source_index + l_offset
					l_nb_items_left := l_nb_items_left - l_remaining_items
					l_offset := l_offset.min (l_nb_items_left)
				end
			end
		ensure
			copied: same_items (other, source_index, destination_index, n)
			count_updated: count = old count + n
		end

	move_data (source_index, destination_index, n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Move n elements of Current from source_start position to destination_index.
			-- Other elements remain unchanged.
		require
			source_index_non_negative: source_index >= 0
			destination_index_non_negative: destination_index >= 0
			destination_index_in_bound: destination_index <= count
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
			n_is_small_enough_for_source: source_index + n <= count
			n_is_small_enough_for_destination: destination_index + n <= capacity
		do
			if source_index = destination_index then
			elseif source_index > destination_index then
				if destination_index + n < source_index then
					non_overlapping_move (source_index, destination_index, n)
				else
					overlapping_move (source_index, destination_index, n)
				end
			else
				if source_index + n < destination_index then
					non_overlapping_move (source_index, destination_index, n)
				else
					overlapping_move (source_index, destination_index, n)
				end
			end
		ensure
			moved: same_items (old twin, source_index, destination_index, n)
			count_updated: count = (old count).max (destination_index + n)
		end

	non_overlapping_move (source_index, destination_index, n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Move n elements of Current from source_start position to destination_index.
			-- Other elements remain unchanged.
		require
			source_index_non_negative: source_index >= 0
			destination_index_non_negative: destination_index >= 0
			destination_index_in_bound: destination_index <= count
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
			different_source_and_target: source_index /= destination_index
			non_overlapping: (source_index < destination_index implies source_index + n < destination_index) or (source_index > destination_index implies destination_index + n < source_index)
			n_is_small_enough_for_source: source_index + n <= count
			n_is_small_enough_for_destination: destination_index + n <= capacity
		local
			i, nb: INTEGER_32
			l_offset: INTEGER_32
		do
			from
				i := source_index
				nb := source_index + n
				l_offset := destination_index - source_index
			until
				i = nb
			loop
				force (item (i), i + l_offset)
				i := i + 1
			end
		ensure
			moved: same_items (Current, source_index, destination_index, n)
			count_updated: count = (old count).max (destination_index + n)
		end

	overlapping_move (source_index, destination_index, n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Move n elements of Current from source_start position to destination_index.
			-- Other elements remain unchanged.
		require
			source_index_non_negative: source_index >= 0
			destination_index_non_negative: destination_index >= 0
			destination_index_in_bound: destination_index <= count
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
			different_source_and_target: source_index /= destination_index
			n_is_small_enough_for_source: source_index + n <= count
			n_is_small_enough_for_destination: destination_index + n <= capacity
		local
			i, nb: INTEGER_32
			l_offset: INTEGER_32
		do
			if source_index < destination_index then
				from
					i := source_index + n - 1
					nb := source_index - 1
					l_offset := destination_index - source_index
					if destination_index + n >= count then
						fill_with (item (source_index), count, destination_index + n - 1)
					end
					check
						l_offset_positive: l_offset > 0
					end
				until
					i = nb
				loop
					put (item (i), i + l_offset)
					i := i - 1
				end
			else
				from
					i := source_index
					nb := source_index + n
					l_offset := source_index - destination_index
					check
						l_offset_positive: l_offset > 0
					end
				until
					i = nb
				loop
					force (item (i), i - l_offset)
					i := i + 1
				end
			end
		ensure
			moved: same_items (old twin, source_index, destination_index, n)
			count_updated: count = (old count).max (destination_index + n)
		end

	put (v: T; i: INTEGER_32)
			-- Replace i-th item by v.
			-- (Indices begin at 0.)
		require
			index_large_enough: i >= 0
			index_small_enough: i < count
		do
		ensure
			inserted: item (i) = v
			same_count: count = old count
			same_capacity: capacity = old capacity
		end
	
feature -- Removal

	clear_all
		obsolete "Because of the new precondition, it is recommended to use `fill_with' instead. [2017-05-31]"
			-- Reset all items to default values.
		require
			has_default: ({T}).has_default
		do
			fill_with_default (0, upper)
		ensure
			same_capacity: capacity = old capacity
			count_reset: count = old count
		end

	replace_all (v: T)
			-- Replace all items with v.
		local
			i: INTEGER_32
		do
			from
				i := count - 1
			until
				i < 0
			loop
				put (v, i)
				i := i - 1
			end
		ensure
			cleared: filled_with (v, 0, upper)
		end

	wipe_out
			-- Reset count to zero.
		do
			set_count (0)
		ensure
			same_capacity: capacity = old capacity
			count_reset: count = 0
		end
	
feature -- Resizing

	aliased_resized_area (n: INTEGER_32): like Current
			-- Try to resize Current with a count of n, if not
			-- possible a new copy.
		require
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure
			result_not_void: Result /= Void
			new_count: Result.count = n.min (old count)
			new_capacity: Result.capacity = n
			preserved: Result.same_items (old twin, 0, 0, n.min (old count))
		end

	aliased_resized_area_with_default (a_default_value: T; n: INTEGER_32): like Current
			-- Try to resize Current with a count of n, if not
			-- possible a new copy. Non yet initialized entries are set to a_default_value.
		require
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
		do
			Result := aliased_resized_area (n);
			Result.fill_with (a_default_value, Result.count, n - 1)
		ensure
			result_not_void: Result /= Void
			new_count: Result.count = n
			new_capacity: Result.capacity = n
			preserved: Result.same_items (old twin, 0, 0, n.min (old count))
		end

	keep_head (n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Keep the first n entries.
		require
			non_negative_argument: n >= 0
			less_than_count: n <= count
		do
			set_count (n)
		ensure
			count_updated: count = n
			kept: same_items (old twin, 0, 0, n)
		end

	keep_tail (n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Keep the last n entries.
		require
			non_negative_argument: n >= 0
			less_than_count: n <= count
		do
			overlapping_move (count - n, 0, n)
			set_count (n)
		ensure
			count_updated: count = n
			kept: same_items (old twin, n, 0, n)
		end

	remove_head (n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Remove the first n entries.
		require
			non_negative_argument: n >= 0
			less_than_count: n <= count
		do
			keep_tail (count - n)
		ensure
			count_updated: count = old count - n
			kept: same_items (old twin, n, 0, count)
		end

	remove_tail (n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Keep the first  count - n entries.
		require
			non_negative_argument: n >= 0
			less_than_count: n <= count
		do
			keep_head (count - n)
		ensure
			count_updated: count = old count - n
			kept: same_items (old twin, 0, 0, count)
		end

	resized_area (n: INTEGER_32): like Current
			-- A copy of Current with a count of n.
		require
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
		do
			create Result.make_empty (n);
			Result.copy_data (Current, 0, 0, n.min (count))
		ensure
			result_not_void: Result /= Void
			result_different_from_current: Result /= Current
			new_count: Result.count = n.min (old count)
			new_capacity: Result.capacity = n
			preserved: Result.same_items (Current, 0, 0, n.min (old count))
		end

	resized_area_with_default (a_default_value: T; n: INTEGER_32): like Current
			-- Create a copy of Current with a count of n where not yet initialized
			-- entries are set to a_default_value.
		require
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
		do
			create Result.make_empty (n)
			if n > count then
				Result.copy_data (Current, 0, 0, count);
				Result.fill_with (a_default_value, count, n - 1)
			else
				Result.copy_data (Current, 0, 0, n)
			end
		ensure
			result_not_void: Result /= Void
			result_different_from_current: Result /= Current
			new_count: Result.count = n
			new_capacity: Result.capacity = n
			preserved: Result.same_items (Current, 0, 0, n.min (old count))
		end
	
feature -- Duplication

	frozen clone (other: detachable ANY): like other
		obsolete "Use `twin' instead. [2017-05-31]"
			-- Void if other is void; otherwise new object
			-- equal to other
			--
			-- For non-void other, clone calls copy;
			-- to change copying/cloning semantics, redefine copy.
			-- (from ANY)
		do
			if other /= Void then
				Result := other.twin
			end
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
			equal: Result ~ other
		end

	copy (other: SPECIAL [T])
			-- Update current object using fields of object attached
			-- to other, so as to yield equal objects.
			-- (from ANY)
		require -- from ANY
			other_not_void: other /= Void
			type_identity: same_type (other)
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			is_equal: Current ~ other
		end

	frozen deep_clone (other: detachable ANY): like other
		obsolete "Use `deep_twin' instead. [2017-05-31]"
			-- Void if other is void: otherwise, new object structure
			-- recursively duplicated from the one attached to other
			-- (from ANY)
		do
			if other /= Void then
				Result := other.deep_twin
			end
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
			deep_equal: deep_equal (other, Result)
		end

	frozen deep_copy (other: SPECIAL [T])
			-- Effect equivalent to that of:
			--		copy (other . deep_twin)
			-- (from ANY)
		require -- from ANY
			other_not_void: other /= Void
		do
			copy (other.deep_twin)
		ensure -- from ANY
			deep_equal: deep_equal (Current, other)
		end

	frozen deep_twin: SPECIAL [T]
			-- New object structure recursively duplicated from Current.
			-- (from ANY)
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			deep_twin_not_void: Result /= Void
			deep_equal: deep_equal (Current, Result)
		end

	frozen standard_clone (other: detachable ANY): like other
		obsolete "Use `standard_twin' instead. [2017-05-31]"
			-- Void if other is void; otherwise new object
			-- field-by-field identical to other.
			-- Always uses default copying semantics.
			-- (from ANY)
		do
			if other /= Void then
				Result := other.standard_twin
			end
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
			equal: standard_equal (Result, other)
		end

	frozen standard_copy (other: SPECIAL [T])
			-- Copy every field of other onto corresponding field
			-- of current object.
			-- (from ANY)
		require -- from ANY
			other_not_void: other /= Void
			type_identity: same_type (other)
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			is_standard_equal: standard_is_equal (other)
		end

	frozen standard_twin: SPECIAL [T]
			-- New object field-by-field identical to other.
			-- Always uses default copying semantics.
			-- (from ANY)
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			standard_twin_not_void: Result /= Void
			equal: standard_equal (Result, Current)
		end

	frozen twin: SPECIAL [T]
			-- New object equal to Current
			-- twin calls copy; to change copying/twinning semantics, redefine copy.
			-- (from ANY)
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			twin_not_void: Result /= Void
			is_equal: Result ~ Current
		end
	
feature -- Basic operations

	frozen as_attached: attached SPECIAL [T]
		obsolete "Remove calls to this feature. [2017-05-31]"
			-- Attached version of Current.
			-- (Can be used during transitional period to convert
			-- non-void-safe classes to void-safe ones.)
			-- (from ANY)
		do
			Result := Current
		end

	frozen default: detachable SPECIAL [T]
			-- Default value of object's type
			-- (from ANY)
		do
		end

	frozen default_pointer: POINTER
			-- Default value of type POINTER
			-- (Avoid the need to write p.default for
			-- some p of type POINTER.)
			-- (from ANY)
		do
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
		end

	default_rescue
			-- Process exception for routines with no Rescue clause.
			-- (Default: do nothing.)
			-- (from ANY)
		do
		end

	frozen do_nothing
			-- Execute a null action.
			-- (from ANY)
		do
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
		end
	
feature {NONE} -- Implementation

	element_size: INTEGER_32
			-- Size of elements.
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure
			element_size_non_negative: Result >= 0
		end

	set_count (n: INTEGER_32)
			-- Set count with n.
		require
			n_non_negative: n >= 0
			valid_new_count: n <= count
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure
			count_set: count = n
			capacity_preserved: capacity = old capacity
		end
	
feature -- Iteration

	do_all_in_bounds (action: PROCEDURE [T]; start_index, end_index: INTEGER_32)
			-- Apply action to every item, from first to last.
			-- Semantics not guaranteed if action changes the structure;
			-- in such a case, apply iterator to clone of structure instead.
		require
			action_not_void: action /= Void
		local
			i, nb: INTEGER_32
		do
			from
				i := start_index
				nb := end_index
			until
				i > nb
			loop
				action.call ([item (i)])
				i := i + 1
			end
		end

	do_all_with_index_in_bounds (action: PROCEDURE [T, INTEGER_32]; start_index, end_index: INTEGER_32)
			-- Apply action to every item, from first to last.
			-- action receives item and its index.
			-- Semantics not guaranteed if action changes the structure;
			-- in such a case, apply iterator to clone of structure instead.
		require
			action_not_void: action /= Void
		local
			i, j, nb: INTEGER_32
		do
			from
				i := start_index
				j := Lower
				nb := end_index
			until
				i > nb
			loop
				action.call ([item (i), j])
				j := j + 1
				i := i + 1
			end
		end

	do_if_in_bounds (action: PROCEDURE [T]; test: FUNCTION [T, BOOLEAN]; start_index, end_index: INTEGER_32)
			-- Apply action to every item that satisfies test, from first to last.
			-- Semantics not guaranteed if action or test changes the structure;
			-- in such a case, apply iterator to clone of structure instead.
		require
			action_not_void: action /= Void
			test_not_void: test /= Void
		local
			i, nb: INTEGER_32
		do
			from
				i := start_index
				nb := end_index
			until
				i > nb
			loop
				if test.item ([item (i)]) then
					action.call ([item (i)])
				end
				i := i + 1
			end
		end

	do_if_with_index_in_bounds (action: PROCEDURE [T, INTEGER_32]; test: FUNCTION [T, INTEGER_32, BOOLEAN]; start_index, end_index: INTEGER_32)
			-- Apply action to every item that satisfies test, from first to last.
			-- action and test receive the item and its index.
			-- Semantics not guaranteed if action or test changes the structure;
			-- in such a case, apply iterator to clone of structure instead.
		require
			action_not_void: action /= Void
			test_not_void: test /= Void
		local
			i, j, nb: INTEGER_32
		do
			from
				i := start_index
				j := Lower
				nb := end_index
			until
				i > nb
			loop
				if test.item ([item (i), j]) then
					action.call ([item (i), j])
				end
				j := j + 1
				i := i + 1
			end
		end

	for_all_in_bounds (test: FUNCTION [T, BOOLEAN]; start_index, end_index: INTEGER_32): BOOLEAN
			-- Is test true for all items?
		require
			test_not_void: test /= Void
		local
			i, nb: INTEGER_32
		do
			from
				i := start_index
				nb := end_index
				Result := True
			until
				i > nb or not Result
			loop
				Result := test.item ([item (i)])
				i := i + 1
			end
		end

	there_exists_in_bounds (test: FUNCTION [T, BOOLEAN]; start_index, end_index: INTEGER_32): BOOLEAN
			-- Is test true for at least one item?
		require
			test_not_void: test /= Void
		local
			i, nb: INTEGER_32
		do
			from
				i := start_index
				nb := end_index
			until
				i > nb or Result
			loop
				Result := test.item ([item (i)])
				i := i + 1
			end
		end
	
feature -- Output

	debug_output: STRING_8
			-- String that should be displayed in debugger to represent Current.
		require -- from  DEBUG_OUTPUT
			True
		do
			Result := Precursor;
			Result.append_string (", capacity=");
			Result.append_integer (capacity)
		ensure -- from DEBUG_OUTPUT
			result_not_void: Result /= Void
		end

	Io: STD_FILES
			-- Handle to standard file setup
			-- (from ANY)
		once
			create Result;
			Result.set_output_default
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
			io_not_void: Result /= Void
		end

	out: STRING_8
			-- New string containing terse printable representation
			-- of current object
			-- (from ANY)
		do
			Result := tagged_out
		ensure -- from ANY
			out_not_void: Result /= Void
		end

	print (o: detachable ANY)
			-- Write terse external representation of o
			-- on standard output.
			-- (from ANY)
		local
			s: READABLE_STRING_8
		do
			if attached o then
				s := o.out
				if attached {READABLE_STRING_32} s as s32 then
					Io.put_string_32 (s32)
				elseif attached {READABLE_STRING_8} s as s8 then
					Io.put_string (s8)
				else
					Io.put_string_32 (s.as_string_32)
				end
			end
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
		end

	frozen tagged_out: STRING_8
			-- New string containing terse printable representation
			-- of current object
			-- (from ANY)
		external
			"built_in"
		ensure -- from ANY
			tagged_out_not_void: Result /= Void
		end
	
feature -- Platform

	Operating_environment: OPERATING_ENVIRONMENT
			-- Objects available from the operating system
			-- (from ANY)
		once
			create Result
		ensure -- from ANY
			instance_free: class
			operating_environment_not_void: Result /= Void
		end
	
feature {NONE} -- Retrieval

	frozen internal_correct_mismatch
			-- Called from runtime to perform a proper dynamic dispatch on correct_mismatch
			-- from MISMATCH_CORRECTOR.
			-- (from ANY)
		local
			l_msg: STRING_32
			l_exc: EXCEPTIONS
		do
			if attached {MISMATCH_CORRECTOR} Current as l_corrector then
				l_corrector.correct_mismatch
			else
				create l_msg.make_from_string ("Mismatch: ".as_string_32)
				create l_exc;
				l_msg.append (generating_type.name_32);
				l_exc.raise_retrieval_exception (l_msg)
			end
		end
	
invariant
	consistent_count: count = upper - Lower + 1

		-- from ABSTRACT_SPECIAL
	count_less_than_capacity: count <= capacity

		-- from ANY
	reflexive_equality: standard_is_equal (Current)
	reflexive_conformance: conforms_to (Current)

		-- from READABLE_INDEXABLE
	consistent_boundaries: Lower <= upper or else Lower = upper + 1

note
	copyright: "Copyright (c) 1984-2017, Eiffel Software and others"
	license: "Eiffel Forum License v2 (see http://www.eiffel.com/licensing/forum.txt)"
	source: "[
		Eiffel Software
		5949 Hollister Ave., Goleta, CA 93117 USA
		Telephone 805-685-1006, Fax 805-685-6869
		Website http://www.eiffel.com
		Customer support http://support.eiffel.com
	]"

end -- class SPECIAL

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